Ans.
OM The syllable OM (also called pranava), the most sacred
symbol in Hinduism, is associated with symbolism as well
as mysticism. Volumes have been written in Sanskrit illustrating
the significance of this mystic symbol. Although this
symbol is mentioned in all the Upanishads and in all Hindu
scriptures, it is especially elaborated upon in the Taittiriya,
Chandogya, and Mundaka Upanishads. By its sound and form,
OM symbolizes the infinite Brahman and the entire universe.
In Sanskrit the sounds of letters A and U produce, when
combined together, the sound equivalent of letter O. Thus
the sound produced by OM is obtained by superimposing
the sounds produced by the three letters A, U, and M.
OM is also called the "four-element syllable." The letters
A, U, and M are the three elements and the fourth element
is the silence from which the sound of OM arises, and
back into which it subsides.
The sound produced by the letter A signifies all that
is observed and perceived in the wakeful state of an individual,
thus representing both the subject and the object, and
all the experiences in the physical world. Therefore,
the letter A symbolizes all that is known and knowable.
The sound produced by the letter U represents the observer
and the things observed in the dream state of an individual's
consciousness, thus denoting the astral worlds and the
worlds of heavens and hells. The sound produced by the
letter M signifies all unknown in the state of deep sleep
as well as all that is unknown in the wakeful state. Thus
OM symbolizes the phenomenal world that contributes to
our experiences in the universe.
The
silence, the fourth element of OM as stated above, represents
the underlying Reality that pervades the waking, dream,
and the (deep sleep states of one's consciousness. Thus
OM symbolizes the infinite Brahman, the essence of all
existence.
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By
its form OM also represents the unmanifest and the manifest,
the noumenon (ground of phenomenon) and the phenomenon,
and thus OM is an adequate symbol of God, personal and
impersonal. This message is brought forth in the following
passage of the Katha Upanishad: "The goal which all the
Vedas declare, which all austerities aim at, and which
humans desire when they lead the life of continence, I
will tell you briefly: it is OM. This syllable OM is indeed
Brahman. This syllable is the highest. Whosoever knows
this syllable obtains all that he desires.
This is the best support; this is the highest support.
Whosoever knows this support is adored in the world of
Brahman..�. (Katha Upanishad 1, ii, 15-17) As shown in
Figure F-16, the symbol of OM consists of three curves
(curves 1, 2, and 3), one semicircle (curve 4), and a
dot. The large lower curve 1 symbolizes the waking state;
the tipper curve 2 denotes deep sleep (or the unconscious)
state, and the lower curve 3 (which lies between deep
sleep and the waking state) signifies the dream state.
These
three states of an individual's consciousness, and therefore
the entire physical phenomenon, are represented by the
three curves. The dot signifies the Absolute (fourth or
Turiya state of consciousness), which illuminates the
other three states. The semicircle symbolizes maya and
separates the dot from the other three curves. The semicircle
is open on the top, which means that the Absolute is infinite
and is not affected by maya. Maya only effects the manifested
phenomenon. In this way the form of OM symbolizes the
infinite Brahman and the entire universe.
The
sacred mantra Om Tat Sat is uttered by Hindus at the end
of all prayers. Thus OM begins where all speech ends,
the point where an individual's heart melts into divinity,
and the unspeakable and inexpressible Reality is reached.
Thus OM symbolizes the essence of all the scriptures.Hindu
scriptures declare that OM is the storehouse of mystic
power.When
correctly tittered, OM brings into play the entire vocal
mechanism of a human being.
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When OM is uttered according to Vedic injections, the
throat generates the sound A by beginning the sound from
the bottom of the spine (Kundalini) and thus using the
entire depth of the human system in producing this sound.
The sound U begins at the throat and ends at the tip of
the tongue. The sound M is concentrated at the terminal
end of the vocal system, the lips. According to Hindu
scriptures, the sound of OM is the sound of creation,
and this sound represents to our ears the sound of the
cosmic energy of which all things are the manifestations.
All
vowel sounds are included in the correct pronunciation
of OM. All consonants are the interruptions of the sounds
of the vowels. All words are thus fragments of the syllable
OM. To have the highest experience in life is to hear
the sound of OM in deep silence.
Hindu scriptures tell us that the repetition of OM, in
accordance with the Vedic methods, generates the mystic
power that leads one's mind into (deep concentration,
meditation, and finally to samadhi, a state of higher
consciousness.
The
mystic power of OM is confirmed by Lord Krishna Himself
in the Bhagavad-Gita: "Uttering the monosyllable OM, the
eternal word of Brahman, One who departs leaving the body
[at death], he attains the supreme goal.
How to Chant OM: The following are the steps for
chanting OM correctly:
1. Take a deep breath.
2. Hold the breath as long as you can comfortably. Do
not create any discomfort.
3. Speak OM during a slow and long exhaling phase, until
the breath is totally out.
4.
Pause and repeat the steps again and again. The sound of OM is to be produced
in a non stop manner, by combining the sounds of A, U and M, with the last sound
(that of M), assuming a nasal tone when lips have closed after speaking A and
U.
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