By one version
Rashbehari Bose was born in 1880 in Subaldaha
(Burdwan), by another in 1886 in Parla-Bighati
(Hooghly). His mother died soon after his birth.
His father Binodebehari married again. His stepmother
gradually became like his own mother. He had early
education at Subaldaha under his grandfather Kalicharan;
then in the Duplex college at Chandernagore. Rashbehari,
not a very attentive student, was noted for way
word behaviour. From the second class, he stopped
going to school.
Soon after he went to his father at Calcutta.
He was more anxious for physical prowess than
study. He felt insulted that Bengalees Were
Debarred from the army. He tried to enter the
army under a false name. Being detected, beaten
and confined for some time, he returned to his
house the next day in the afternoon. His father
again sent him to Chandernagore. Finding him
unmindful in studies, Kalicharan confined him
in a room, but he was released at the intervention
of his stepmother. Rashbehari stopped going
to school.
Binode was employed in the Government Press,
Simla. Rashbehari went there and was appointed
a copyholder. There he mastered English and
typewriting. Soon he returned to Chandernagore
and came in contact with Srish Ghose of the
Gondalpara group of the Jugantar party. In May
1908, a letter of Rashbehari was alleged to
have been found at the Maniktala garden when
Aurobindo, Barin and others were arrested for
the Alipore Conspiracy Case.
On his colleagues advice, he went to
Dehra Dun as a guardian tutor in the house of
Pramatha Nath Tagore. After serving some time
in the Kausali Pasteur Institute, he joined
the Dehra Dun Forest Research Institute. He
picked up the revolutionary links formed by
Jatin Banerjee (Niralamba Swami) in Punjab and
Delhi.
He kept contact with Srish Ghose and Amarendra
Nath Chatterjee. Rashbehari planned something
sensational during the Viceroys state
entry into Delhi. On his request, Amarendranath
sent Basanta Biswas with some bombs Rashbehari.
On December 23,1912, Basanta threw a bomb on
the Vicergal procession. Rashbehari was an absconding
accused; Amir Chand, Avad Behari, Bal Mukand
and Basanta Biswas got capital sentence.
Thenceforth Rashbehari started travelling incognito
in Punjab, U.P. and Bengal. World War I had
then started and Indian revolutionaries arranged
German help to organise a rising in India. A
Marathi youngman named Pingley reached Calcutta
with Satyem Sen of the Jugantar Party carrying
news of German aid. Pingley was deputed to assist
Rashbehari at Benares. Rashbehari, Pingley and
the Ghadar party were Working together for an
armed rising. Sachin Sanyal joined them.
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Jatin Mukherjee, leader of the Jugantar Party,
met Rashbehari at Benares and asked him to take
charge of U.P. and Punjab. During this period
Rashbehari had many miraculous escapes in Lahore,
Amritsar and Benares. In March 1915, Pingley
was arrested in Meerut cantonment with some
bombs and was executed. Deciding to leave India
for Japan, Rashberi went to Benares and stayed
with swami Vidyanand of Sandhya in Gudhaur Math.
His Jugantar friends sent him money through
Amar Bose, son of Atin Bose. Rashbehari left
for Japan in June1915 with P. N. Tagore passport.
In Japan, he met Herambalal Gupta and Bhagwan
Singh. Japan was a British ally in the war.
Britian tried for extradition of Heramba and
Rashbehari. When they were ordered to quit Japan,
the Black Dragon party gave then protection.
They remained confined in a house. Heramba at
a great risk escaped on a Mexican ship to America.
Radhbehari became a Japanese citizen but marrying
Shoma, daughter of Toyana. After the war, he
took part in cultural affairs, wrote books in
Japanese and explained Indian viewpoints. In
1924, He founded the Indian Independence League.
Rashbehari gained political prominence again
during the Second World War. When Japan declared
war, he formed the Indian National Army, travelling
extensively in the Far East, then conquered
by Japan. Capt. Mohan Singh and Sardar Pritam
Singh helped Rashbehari in this. As Japanese
conquests extended up to Burma, the Indian National
Army grew in importance, getting recruits from
the war prisoners.
He handed over the organisation to Subhas Bose
on his arrival in June 1943. His son Mahaside
died fighting the British army. Rashbehari expired
before the end of the War on 21 January 1945
when Japan was collapsing. He left behind his
wife Shoma and daughter Tetuke. They are Japanese
citizens.
Rashbehari had a dominating personality. He
was a nationalist but believed in international
co-operation, as was apparent during the two
World Wars. In social matters he was liberal,
with no caste or creed distinction. In India
he led an austere but unconventional life, yet
was calm in temperament. After marriage he led
a happy family life.
His position in the Indian revolutionary movement
was almost unique. He started his political
career from Chandernagore and Calcutta, having
links with the Manicktala garden group though
Srish Ghose. While in Dehra Dun and Punjab,
he worked with the local people, enjoying their
full confidence. He was above regionalism. His
remarkable organising talent was evident during
the Second World War when he formed in INA.
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